Initiatives to address the resource curse vary in the harms they address and in whether they operate at a national or trans-national level. They include attempts to: reduce corruption through the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI); counteract the ‘Dutch Disease’ using Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs); curb funding sources for militia through the Kimberly Process Certification System (KPCS) for diamonds; and incorporate policy initiatives in governance such as the Chad-Cameroon pipeline.
Success of these initiatives in mitigating the resource curse has been difficult to determine. This is in part due to the complex nature of the harms attributed to the resource curse. Even when initiatives have been successfully implemented it is unclear whether these have been the true cause of any improvements. Though assessments and evaluations of resource curse initiatives are scarce with many of the conclusions challengeable, the EITI, SWFs and the KPCS have been considered by some as successful. The EITI has been seen to promote transparency, SWFs have stabilised currencies and revenues (though mostly in industrialised countries), and the KPCS restricts funds to rebel groups. On the other hand trying to improve governance through conditionality measures, as the World Bank has with the Chad-Cameroon pipeline, has been seen to be less effective.
