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Home»Governance»Service delivery

Service delivery

Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan

Helpdesk Report
  • Iffat Idris
July 2021

This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to ...» more

Maintaining basic state functions and service delivery during escalating crises

Helpdesk Report
  • Siân Herbert
July 2021

This rapid literature review explores how to maintain essential state functions and basic service delivery during escalating conflict situations. It draws on literature and ideas from various overlapping agendas including development and humanitarian nexus; development, humanitarian and peacebuilding nexus (the “triple nexus”); fragile states; state-building; conflict ...» more

Interventions in LICs and LMICs to improve air quality and/or mitigate its impacts

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis and Suzanne Bartington
October 2020

This rapid literature review summarises evidence on air quality interventions in LICs and LMICs to improve air quality and/or mitigate its impacts. The review found limited evidence derived from such countries and instead draws on evidence from reviews and compilations compiled by bodies such as Public Health England (PHE) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). In particular, ...» more

Monitoring Air Quality in Low- Income and Lower Middle-Income Countries

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis and Suzanne Bartington
October 2020

This rapid literature review surveys academic and grey literature on air quality monitoring in low-income (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). It draws heavily on three key sources of information. The World Bank (Awe et al., 2017) led report ‘Filling the Gaps: Improving Measurement of Ambient Air Quality in Low and Middle-Income Countries’, the Health Effects ...» more

Prevalence of health impacts related to exposure to poor air quality among children in Low and Lower Middle-Income Countries

Helpdesk Report
  • Suzanne Bartington and William Avis
October 2020

This rapid review provides an assessment of the contemporary health impacts arising from the household (indoor) and ambient (outdoor) air pollution exposure in low income (LIC) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), with a specific focus upon children aged under 5 years. The review synthesises findings of key systematic reviews, as well as international and national ...» more

Water Finance and Nature-based solutions

Helpdesk Report
  • Dr John H. Matthews,
  • Rachel Cooper
August 2020

Nature-based solutions (NbS) for water security can address a number of challenges simultaneously and deliver co-benefits. Broadly, NbS protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural and modified ecosystems to address societal challenges (Cohen-Shacham et al., 2016). NbS approaches for water security include source water protection, watershed management, sustainable drainage ...» more

Nature-based solutions and water security

Helpdesk Report
  • Rachel Cooper
June 2020

Water security is important for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socio-economic development. It involves safeguarding sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable water as well as protection against water risks. Achieving water security depends on a number of elements including natural processes, infrastructure, institutions, and governance. Water ...» more

Water for the urban poor and Covid-19

Helpdesk Report
  • Rachel Cooper
May 2020

Water, sanitation and hygiene are vital for the suppression and treatment of Covid-19. To maintain and increase access to water for the urban poor and other groups during the crisis, eleven African governments have announced various forms of free water. This includes governments paying users bills in some contexts (e.g. Ghana) and provision of water for vulnerable communities ...» more

Workplace-based Learning and Youth Employment in Africa

Literature Review
  • Sithandiwe Mujuru,
  • Zenobia Ismail
May 2020

Workplace-based learning is a supply-side approach to youth employment that includes practical or on-the-job training that is usually provided through an apprenticeship, internship, learnership , work placement or other practical training component of a vocational education or training programme. For the workplace-based learning approach to be effective, it requires ...» more

Water security beyond Covid-19

Helpdesk Report
  • Rachel Cooper
May 2020

Strengthening water security is essential for preventing and combatting future pandemics. Measures to supress the Covid-19 pandemic, including hand-washing, selfisolating and lockdowns assume that societies, communities and households have sustainable access to acceptable amounts of adequate quality water. However, across developing countries, water insecurity is increasing, ...» more

Social and behaviour change communication interventions in Mozambique

Helpdesk Report
  • Rachel Cooper
February 2020

Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is the use of communication to change behaviours by positively influencing knowledge, attitudes and social norms at the individual and community level. Approaches to SBCC include, but are not limited to: media campaigns, peer educators and mentors, small group sessions, community dialogues and events, and digital tools. This ...» more

Aid and non-state armed groups

Helpdesk Report
  • Siân Herbert
January 2020

This rapid literature review collates lessons related to aid (conditionality) and non-state armed groups (NSAGs). This is a companion paper to Herbert (2019)1 which looks more broadly at lessons from the use of aid conditionality in peace processes, that paper includes greater detail on what conditionality is. While the question posed sought to find information on where ...» more

Political economy of Papua New Guinea and the water, sanitation and hygiene sector

Helpdesk Report
  • Rachel Cooper
November 2019

The political economy of Papua New Guinea is characterised by formal and customary governance actors, structures and institutions, weak governance and corruption. Traditional institutions and structures including ‘big man’ politics, the wantok system and customary land tenure have been overlaid with formal governance structures including national, provincial and local ...» more

Non-State Policing in Fragile Contexts

Helpdesk Report
  • Iffat Idris
November 2019

Non-state policing refers to the use of non-state (informal) actors, e.g. vigilante groups, private security firms, to carry out ‘law and order’ functions (preventing crime, investigating, detaining and punishing those responsible for crimes). Non-state policing is not a synonym for community policing (a much broader term, usually associated with formal police agencies) but ...» more

G7 and G20 commitments on health

Helpdesk Report
  • Brian Lucas
October 2019

The health issues that have received the most consistent attention in G7 and G20 summit declarations, having been addressed in more than half of the summits since 2015 and appearing in 30 or more commitments over that time, are:  Health systems strengthening  Infectious diseases (including HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, polio, neglected tropical diseases, and ...» more

Implications of Not Addressing Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Needs in Conflict Situations

Helpdesk Report
  • Anna Orrnert
August 2019

This review of existing literature indicates that there are a number of significant implications of not addressing mental health and psychosocial (MHPSS) needs of children, youth, and adults in conflict settings. Mental health consequences of war are by now fairly well documented (see for example Murthy and Lakshminarayana, 2006; Werner, 2012; Betancourt et al., 2014; ...» more

Humanitarian Access, Protection, and Diplomacy in Besieged Areas

Helpdesk Report
  • Zenobia Ismail
February 2019

This rapid literature review examines the lessons learned in terms of providing humanitarian access and protection for civilians in besieged areas. The focus is on the following besieged areas: Syria (e.g. Raqqa, Aleppo, Deir-Ez-Zor and Eastern Ghouta), Hudaydah in Yemen and Mosul in Iraq. The recent literature is dominated by the conflict in Syria while there is very little ...» more

Benefits of STEM Education

Helpdesk Report
  • Zenobia Ismail
January 2019

The literature concurs with the general view that science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education is necessary to facilitate economic development, international competitiveness and job creation. However, the literature does not specify the particular benefits of STEM education in developing countries since the consensus is that STEM education is  generally ...» more

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services in Pakistan

Helpdesk Report
  • Rachel Cooper
January 2019

Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services varies across and between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Punjab Provinces. The Government of KP’s 2017 Health Survey found that 89% of households have access to improved water sources, and 85% have accessed to improved sanitation (Government of KP, 2017). In contrast, according to the Government of the Punjab, access to ...» more

Water Management/Governance Systems in Pakistan

Helpdesk Report
  • Rachel Cooper
January 2019

Provincial governments in Pakistan are responsible for water and sanitation and in 2001 devolved responsibility for service delivery to local governments. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Punjab provinces, a number of institutional actors are involved in water management and governance. The provincial Public Health Engineering Departments (PHEDs) install drinking water supply ...» more

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