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Home»William Avis

Exploring the utility of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research tools in knowledge for development and diplomacy

Working Papers
  • William Avis
July 2026

William Avis,* Kaitlin Ball, Katherine Cheeseman, James Georgalakis, Sian Herbert, Iffat Idris, Zenobia Ismail, Brian Lucas, Shreya Jose Maliakal, Jasmin Morris, Sithandiwe Mujuru, Evert-Jan Quak, Sarah Verhaeg, and Mahdi Zaidan. Abstract: This study presents findings from a pilot study conducted under the Knowledge for Development and Diplomacy (K4DD) programme, ...» more

AI and Rapid Evidence Reviews: Insights from the K4DD Pilot Study

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
June 2026

The Knowledge for Development and Diplomacy (K4DD) programme was commissioned by the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) Research and Evidence Division to undertake a pilot of artificial intelligence (AI) research tools and their application in the work of the K4DD programme. This pilot explored the application of tools across different types of K4DD ...» more

Early Warning Systems and Air Quality Forecasting

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
March 2026

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on early warning systems and air quality forecasting. It identifies a diverse and expanding evidence base including academic articles and grey literature (particularly produced by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and UN bodies). The evidence base clearly highlights that predictive capabilities have ...» more

Digital Infrastructure Interventions to Address Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Needs

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
March 2026

This rapid evidence review collates available evidence on digital infrastructure interventions to address climate adaptation and mitigation needs drawing on lessons from across the world to inform the Ethiopian context. The review draws upon an expanding evidence base that includes academic and grey literature. The evidence base is evolving with an increasing range of ...» more

Enablers for the Effective Adoption of AI at the National and City Level

Helpdesk Report
  • Arol Dut,
  • William Avis
October 2025

This rapid evidence review collates available evidence on key enablers for the effective adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at national and city level in low- and middle-income countries. The review draws upon an expanding evidence base that includes academic and grey literature. The evidence base is evolving with an increasing range of countries and cities rapidly ...» more

Global Leaders in Science, Technology and Innovation

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
August 2025

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on “Global Leaders in Science, Technology and Innovation.” The review draws upon an eclectic evidence base that includes grey literature, press announcements as well as policy documents, strategies and national action plans. The assessment of global leaders is based on a rapid review of available evidence and should ...» more

Successful Collaboration Models in Science, Technology and Innovation Ecosystems

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
August 2025

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on successful collaboration models in science, technology and innovation ecosystems between India and other countries. The review draws upon an eclectic evidence base that includes grey literature, press announcements and Memoranda of Understanding as wall as the outputs of multi- and bilateral development actors. ...» more

Nigeria’s Role in World War Two

Helpdesk Report
  • Arol Dut,
  • William Avis
July 2025

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on Nigeria’s role in World War Two. The review draws upon an eclectic evidence base that includes historic sources of information, contemporary accounts and both academic and grey literature. The evidence base is limited and diffuse in relation to the contribution of Nigerian (and African) soldiers during World War ...» more

Scaling plastic reuse models in LMICs

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
July 2025
A pile of Plastic waste

To read the full article Click Here This Rapid Evidence Review  synthesizes the current evidence base on the design and scalability of “refill on the go” and “return on the go” plastic reuse models in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). With plastic pollution rising sharply, transitioning from single-use to reuse systems presents a significant opportunity to reduce ...» more

Investment in Refugee Education

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
July 2025
Photo of a refugee camp

This Rapid Evidence Review explores how investment in refugee education in Jordan and the wider Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region can contribute to deterring migration, reducing the systemic drivers of violent conflict, building resilience, and promoting greater social and economic stability. While the evidence base is mixed and largely illustrative, key findings ...» more

The Role of Education in Countering Mis- and Dis-Information in MENA

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
June 2025

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on the role of education in countering mis- and dis-Information in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The review draws upon an eclectic evidence base that includes both academic and grey literature. The evidence base is currently limited in relation to education in MENA. However, there is a more extensive ...» more

Disability Inclusion in the MENA Region

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
May 2025

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on disability inclusion in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The review draws upon an expanding evidence base that includes academic and grey literature. The evidence base is evolving as provisions for persons with disabilities (PWDs) are extended. Whilst the review identified varying levels of ...» more

Challenges and Limitations to Entering the Workforce in Jordan for People with Disabilities

Conflict Analysis
  • William Avis
April 2025

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on challenges and limitations to entering the workforce in Jordan for people with disabilities (PWDs). The review draws upon an expanding evidence base that includes academic and grey literature. The evidence base is evolving as provisions for PWDs are extended. Whilst the review identified a progressive commitment ...» more

Decriminalisation of Cannabis Among States in Southern & East Africa

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
February 2025

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on decriminalisation of cannabis among states in South & East Africa. The review draws upon information in the public domain and should be considered illustrative of current status of decriminalisation across the focus region. The evidence base on the impact of decriminalisation of cannabis on other countries is ...» more

Current Understanding of Attribution of Climate Change in Vietnam

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
December 2024

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review provides an overview of the current understanding of the attribution of climate change in Vietnam. It draws on an expanding evidence base that includes academic and grey literature. The literature identified presents a complex and multifaceted picture with regional variation across the country and in the wider East and South East Asian ...» more

Incorporating Gender Perspective in Peace Operations since 2018

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
January 2022

This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on progress on incorporating gender perspectives in peace operations since 2018, including the deployment of female peacekeepers, and the emerging issues in this field. Key messages that emerge from this review include: The focus on women’s participation in peace processes has led ...» more

Role of Faith and Belief in Environmental Engagement and Action in MENA Region

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
June 2021

Almost all religions reflect on the creation of the universe, or universes, in different forms and with varying degrees of clarity or detail. Common across most religions is an agreement that “creation” is an act of God and should be treated as such. This rapid literature review collates evidence on the role of faith and belief in environmental engagement and action in MENA ...» more

Border Disputes and Micro-Conflicts in South and Southeast Asia

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
December 2020

This rapid literature review presents the key literature on border disputes and micro-conflicts in South and Southeast Asia. The focus is on recent ideas that are prevalent in literature from post2010. The literature review draws on both academic and grey literature. The report finds that conflicts have become more complex and protracted often linked to global challenges ...» more

Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.15

E-Learning
  • Covid-19 Conflict and Governance Evidence Summary
  • William Avis
September 2020

This weekly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aims to signpost DFID and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. This week, features resources on: Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19; the resilience of African Food Systems, Tackling the C19 youth employment crisis…» more

Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.14

E-Learning
  • Covid-19 Conflict and Governance Evidence Summary
  • William Avis
August 2020

This weekly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aim to signpost DFID and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. This week, features resources on how policy responses to the C19 pandemic should differ in the Developing World; the state of the Asia-Pacific…» more

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