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Home»Governance»Democracy & elections»Elections

Elections

Donor support for post-conflict elections

Helpdesk Report
  • Ed Laws
July 2017

Well-timed elections can contribute to conflict resolution and help to consolidate a peace agreement or power-sharing deal among elites. But elections also have the potential to reignite hostilities. This report examines the following key factors, and how they have played out in recent post-conflict elections in Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Nepal: The content and ...» more

Religious leaders and the prevention of electoral violence

Helpdesk Report
  • Huma Haider
May 2016

There is limited literature specifically on the role of religious leaders in countering electoral and political violence, even less on ways in which to engage leaders in taking on such a role. While highlighting particular initiatives involving religious leaders during electoral cycles, this report also draws on literature that discusses the engagement of religious actors more ...» more

Voluntary voter registration

Helpdesk Report
December 2015

Voter registration is not just the technical implementation of an activity; it is a holistic political, administrative and practical process. Successful voluntary voter registration schemes tend to be: Responsive to local conditions including the political, economic and social context of the country hosting the election Realistic and affordable given the financial and ...» more

Elections and democracy support

E-Learning
  • Reading pack
  • Thomas Carothers
March 2015

The two main types of international elections support—technical aid for election administration and election monitoring—both got significantly underway in the second half of the 1980s and then mushroomed in the 1990s as democracy spread globally. Both remain active areas today though they are not, as many people in the developing world often think, the largest…» more

Political systems

Topic Guide
  • Zoë Scott; Claire Mcloughlin
December 2014

Political systems are the formal and informal political processes by which decisions are made concerning the use, production and distribution of resources in any given society. Formal political institutions can determine the process for electing leaders; the roles and responsibilities of the executive and legislature; the organisation of political representation (through ...» more

Political party development in Ukraine

Helpdesk Report
  • Sarah Whitmore
September 2014

There are a combination of institutional and structural factors that account for party development in Ukraine. They include: The weakness of ideology in political parties Poor incentives for party institutionalisation due to the design and instability of the institutional rules of the game Extensive use of state administrative resources by regime-supported parties The ...» more

Dealing with election-related violence in fragile and conflict-affected states

Helpdesk Report
  • Sumedh Rao
August 2014

There are a number of causes of election-related violence, which can occur at different stages of the electoral cycle. Dealing with this violence very much depends on understanding these causes and tailoring measures to address them. This report draws on guidance material, evaluation literature and empirical studies to provide a brief overview of measures to prevent and address ...» more

Elected women’s effectiveness at representing women’s interests

Helpdesk Report
  • Evie Browne
May 2014

This rapid literature review collates evidence on women’s actions and interactions in parliaments in Africa. The literature mostly focuses on Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda and Tanzania (Bauer, 2012). There are several consistent findings from African countries, which enables drawing together key lessons: Effectiveness at representing women’s interests: The presence of ...» more

Electoral accountability in Indonesia

Helpdesk Report
  • Anna Strachan
February 2014

There are many different definitions of electoral accountability. For the purposes of this report, electoral accountability is defined as citizens’ ability to use electoral mechanisms to incentivise politicians to act in their interests. In his literature review on electoral institutions and local government accountability Packel (2008, p. 1) notes that that “little ...» more

Direct elections and responsiveness in Indonesia

Helpdesk Report
  • Anna Strachan
February 2014

According to Rodden and Wibbels (2012, p. 4), responsiveness refers to a situation where “candidates offer, and then implement, distinctive platforms that reflect constituent preferences or demands.” This is the definition that is used for the purpose of this report. It is difficult to establish whether direct elections are the main driver of responsiveness. This is because ...» more

Voting behaviour in Indonesia Impact of information and performance

Helpdesk Report
  • Anna Strachan
February 2014

The literature is divided on the impact of information about performance in service delivery on voting behaviour. While some authors find that performance information has an impact on voter behaviour, others find that it has no impact on the reelection of incumbents. The literature on the impact of performance in service delivery on voting behaviour in Indonesia is also ...» more

Voting behaviour of marginalised groups in Indonesia

Helpdesk Report
  • Anna Strachan
February 2014

While there is limited evidence on the voting behaviour of individual groups living in conflict-afflicted provinces, the literature provides some information about the voting behaviour of people living in ethnically and religiously diverse conflict-afflicted/post-conflict provinces in Indonesia. This rapid literature review found very little evidence on whether other ...» more

Cost of elections in fragile states

Helpdesk Report
  • Brigitte Rohwerder
January 2014

There is limited literature available on this topic. A lot of the information that is available only provides the cost of certain elements of the election, mainly in relation to voter registration. In addition, there appear to be inconsistencies in the costings provided by the available sources. The most comprehensive source currently available is “CORE: A Global Survey on ...» more

Democracy strengthening in Sudan

Helpdesk Report
  • Evie Browne
July 2013

This report summarises key points of development work and research conducted on democracy strengthening in Sudan. It excludes the nation-state of South Sudan, but does include some work covering the southern areas of Sudan before the secession in 2011. Most of the literature focuses on democratic elections, from voter education to election conduct, but this report also tries to ...» more

Community activism in Jordan

Helpdesk Report
  • Evie Browne
June 2013

Protests in Jordan have been largely peaceful but unsuccessful in achieving real change. They have centred on improving governance, democracy and socio-economic conditions, not on overthrowing the regime. All strata of society have been involved. Findings include the following: Most of the recent protests in Jordan revolve around the socio-economic situation. Some ...» more

Electoral compliance units

Helpdesk Report
  • Róisín Hinds
April 2013

The term ‘electoral compliance units’ is not widely understood by electoral scholars or practitioners in the field of electoral assistance. In the absence of a more concrete definition, this report understands ‘electoral compliance units’ to mean agencies or mechanisms that investigate and prosecute election-related fraud and breaches of law. Experts indicate that, rather than ...» more

Impact of election assistance

Helpdesk Report
  • Sumedh Rao
March 2013

Key findings: There is a large body of evaluation literature relating to election assistance and it is difficult to accurately quantify the number of studies available. This report identifies a sample of impact evaluations undertaken in the last 10 years that apply a rigorous methodology. ‘Rigour’ is taken here to mean any approach that uses systematic, transparent and ...» more

Humanitarian response to the post-election violence in Kenya in 2007/8

Helpdesk Report
  • Becky Carter
December 2012

Findings cover different aspects of the humanitarian response, including the overall response (preparedness, coordination), integration of protection concerns, early recovery programmes, funding approaches and instruments and security for humanitarian organisations. The main conclusions and lessons learned on the overall humanitarian response are that:None of the actors ...» more

Electoral monitoring, voter education and election-related violence

Helpdesk Report
  • Oliver Walton
October 2012

There is little evidence to show that election monitoring or voter education consistently leads to a reduction in levels of election-related violence. On the contrary, some cross-country quantitative studies suggest that in certain contexts, election monitoring may actually promote violence. This report outlines a number of methodological difficulties with establishing a ...» more

Monitoring and evaluation of electoral support

Helpdesk Report
  • Huma Haider
September 2012

Key findings: Electoral support interventions by international actors comprise primarily of electoral observation and electoral assistance. Electoral observation should be of an impartial nature based on the principle of non-interference. Electoral assistance, in contrast, is of an advisory nature and refers to technical or material support to electoral processes. It may be ...» more

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