This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review looks at the evidence for political culture influencing development outcomes, specifically economic growth. It focuses on two indicators of political culture removed from the revised Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI): satisfaction with democracy (SWD) and consensus building. There is strong correlation between levels of SWD and ...» more
Benefits of South South Cooperation
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review explores the benefits of South-South cooperation, and the different approaches to cooperation. South-South cooperation (SSC) entails a wide range of collaboration among countries of the Global South, promoting collective action in relation to (among others) the economy, politics and the environment, and based on principles such as equality, ...» more
GESI Dimensions of Human Smuggling and Trafficking in East Africa
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review looks at the gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) dimensions of human smuggling and trafficking in five countries in East Africa: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan (in their role as source countries), and Kenya (as a transit/destination country). It finds consistent evidence that women/girls and refugees/IDPs, in particular, as well as ...» more
Innovative Programmes in the Governance Sector
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review gives examples of effective and innovative governance programmes, which move away from ‘traditional’ donor-driven approaches. The examples have been selected to be diverse in terms of geographic region and aspect of governance (access to justice, citizen participation, accountability, etc.). Other considerations were: large-scale (ideally ...» more
Long-Term Positive Impacts of Cash Transfer Programmes in LMICs
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review looks at the positive long-term impacts of cash transfer programmes in non-humanitarian contexts in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evidence of long-term impacts is very limited. From reviews of multiple studies/cash programmes, as well as of individual programmes, long-term positive impacts are seen in relation to health and ...» more
Serious and Organised Crime in Tanzania
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review explores the main serious and organised crime (SOC) markets, actors and dynamics in Tanzania. The review draws largely on grey literature, notably reports by think tanks and practitioners. Literature and data is limited due to the illicit nature of the subject. Given this and the limited timeframe for this work, this review should be ...» more
Using the 20th Anniversary of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) to Progress Atrocity Prevention
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review brings together recommendations on atrocity prevention and implementing the Responsibility to Protect recommendations. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is a global political commitment to protect people from atrocity crimes, a term which encompasses genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity. It places responsibilities ...» more
Drivers of Poverty Dynamics in Pakistan
Poverty levels in Pakistan are high and have been rising in recent years. This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review explores the drivers of poverty dynamics in Pakistan. While many factors influence poverty dynamics in Pakistan, this review was asked to focus on family-level and structural factors. Key among the former are household characteristics (in particular education of household ...» more
Social Protection and Resilience in Pakistan
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review review looks at the effectiveness of Benazir Income Support Programme in building resilience among the chronic and transient poor in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, the latter largely reports by international development organizations/government. The available literature does not distinguish between chronic and ...» more
Pre-existing conditions leading to violence and instability during political transitions
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review looks at pre-existing conditions that can lead to instability and violence during political transitions. A broad range of factors can be influential. Economic factors, such as low GDP and economic inequality; population diversity and a history of recent conflict; the nature of the pre-transition regime, strength of governance institutions, level ...» more
Role of Donors in the Delivery of Services in Protracted FCV Settings
Service delivery in fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable (FCV) settings is extremely challenging for multiple reasons. At the same time, failure to deliver services exacerbates fragility. Donors are finding ways to address these challenges and continue engaging in FCV situations but approaches and effectiveness are very context dependent. This K4DD Rapid Evidence ...» more
Service Delivery Modalities in Protracted FCV
This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review looks at modalities to deliver services in five sectors in fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable (FCV) settings. The common challenge is how to bring about rapid delivery to meet pressing needs, without (further) undermining state systems. Modalities used were found to vary somewhat across the five sectors, e.g. some relying more on ...» more
Documentation of survivors of gender-based violence (GBV)
Documentation of gender-based violence (GBV) cases is important in allowing survivors to access support services and secure justice, and – on a wider scale – for analysis and improvement in GBV responses. GBV documentation carries significant risks for survivors and others, and hence must be taken with care. Key principles include: do no harm, take a survivor centred approach, ...» more
Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan
This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to ...» more
LGBT rights and inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of SIDS, and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from ...» more
Areas and Population Groups in Pakistan Most Exposed to Combined Effects of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and COVID-19
This rapid review looks at areas and population groups in Pakistan most exposed to the combined effects of climate change and natural disasters, food insecurity and malnutrition, and COVID-19. The review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, including reports by development organisations. While considerable information was found about the diverse effects of ...» more
Promotion of Freedom of Religion or Belief
Freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is a fundamental human right. However, the general global the trend in recent years is towards increased FoRB violations by both government and non-government actors. Notable exceptions are Sudan and Uzbekistan, which have shown significant improvement in promoting FoRB, while smaller-scale positive developments have been seen in a number ...» more
Trends in Conflict and Stability in the Indo-Pacific
This report looks at trends in conflict and instability in the Indo-Pacific region, focusing on climate change effects and a number of civil liberties. The Indo-Pacific region is both highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and already facing significant security risks and challenges, many of which will be exacerbated by the impact of climate change. There are ...» more
Gender, countering violent extremism and women, peace and security in Kenya
Kenya ranks 109 out of 153 countries in the Global Gender Gap Report 2020, with a score of 0.671. There are significant inequalities between males and females in education attainment, health outcomes, representation in parliament, and labour force participation. This Factsheet outlines some of the top-line information on gender, countering violent extremism and women, peace and ...» more
Gender and countering violent extremism (CVE) in the Kenya Mozambique region
This evidence synthesis drew on a mixture of academic and grey literature. While the literature on Kenyan women and Al-Shabaab was quite extensive (albeit with gaps, e.g. on returnees), nothing was found on women and Ansar al-Sunnah/violent extremist groups operating in northeastern Mozambique and the Mozambique-Tanzania cross-border region. This report should be read in ...» more
