What are the challenges of security sector governance in Benin? This chapter examines Benin’s security sector, finding it poorly organised and resourced, with unsatisfactory democratic oversight and slow reforms. To be meaningful, SSR must take place within a broader framework of good governance. This requires a greater focus on democratic oversight and accountability by the executive, legislature and by civil society as a whole.
The advent of democracy in Benin from 1990 had a considerable impact on institutional reforms. In particular, checks and balances were set up within some organs of government. The administration was decentralised to bring the public service closer to the population, and civil society bodies were able to strengthen their capacities. Other reforms are currently underway, although their scope has been considerably limited due to a lack of financial resources.
In theory, Benin does possess a system of security capable of protecting its population against external aggression while fighting domestic crime. However, in reality the system needs to be extended into new sectors and modernised in order to truly fulfil its function. The population of Benin is dissatisfied with the poor performance of the country’s security sector.
The security forces serve the people less and less, and have become excessively politicised and corrupt.
- When resources are available, they are often misused. This practice is worsened by an absence of cohesion and visibility.
- Failures in addressing ‘new’ domains of security such as the environment.
- Ineffective punishments and sanctions. There is a need for more stringent surveillance and sanctions that are more binding than the decisions of the constitutional court, which limits itself to judging violations of the constitution. More systematic judicial sanctions in penal, civil and administrative cases should reinforce the effectiveness of the court.
Setting aside the issue of resolving the problems of material and human resources, the main challenge facing the national security sector relates to good governance. Efficient management is needed, involving clearly defined duties and freedom from political interference.
- There is a need for greater parliamentary control over the security sector as a whole, beginning with the armed forces and the authorities of the numerous intelligence services, of which very little is known.
- The armed forces, the so-called ‘Silent One’, could improve their image with the general public by reinstating the practice of regular publications and by communicating more with the population.
- In order to compel the government to act against corruption and other economic crimes, the national assembly should upgrade the legislation to allow courts to take on cases themselves and permit civil society to initiate prosecutions.
- Civil society could play a much more important educational role with regard to the security sector, as most people are not aware of their rights.
