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Home»Approaches»Complexity & systems thinking

Complexity & systems thinking

Varieties of state capture

Working Papers
September 2025

Zenobia Ismail Abstract: The literature on state capture is growing and encompasses more countries and contexts. This paper argues that it is time to consider varieties of capture that have different trajectories and outcomes. Two factors, the level of democracy and the strength of institutions, are proposed as starting points for thinking about varieties of capture. Using ...» more

Scenario thinking and usage among development actors

Helpdesk Report
October 2017

Scenario thinking is a strategic planning method that organisations use to make flexible long-term plans. Recent discussions of this method offered by the Foresight Horizon Scanning Centre (2009) define scenario thinking (they refer to it as scenario planning) as ‘a futures technique for medium to long-term strategic analysis and planning used to develop policies and strategies ...» more

Public service reform

E-Learning
  • Reading pack
  • Willy McCourt
November 2014

The focus in this Pack is on action: on the public service reform intervention, conceived as an exercise in helping. The readings included in this pack have been chosen to be interesting and fresh rather than comprehensive; that is, to stimulate thinking rather than necessarily to ‘cover all the bases’ in public service reform as…» more

Problem-driven iterative approaches and wider governance reform

Helpdesk Report
  • Sumedh Rao
March 2014

A problem-driven, iterative approach to institutional reform involves (i) solving defined performance problems through (ii) creating an environment amenable to experimentation, (iii) creating tight feedback loops, and (iv) engaging a broad set of actors. Such an approach has recently been termed as PDIA (problem-driven iterative adaptation), with analysis suggesting that ...» more

  • Approaches
    • Complexity & systems thinking
      • Problem-driven iterative adaptation
    • Institutions & social norms
      • Communication & behaviour change
    • PEA / Thinking & working politically
    • Results-based approaches
    • Rights-based approaches
    • Theories of change

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