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Home»GSDRC Publications»Global Leaders in Science, Technology and Innovation

Global Leaders in Science, Technology and Innovation

Helpdesk Report
  • William Avis
August 2025

Question

Who are the global leaders (top 2 countries) in the following sectors: artificial intelligence (in health, energy, and climate); future telecom (with a focus on AI for telecom and telecom satellite); semiconductors and biotechnology (with a focus on agritech and biomanufacturing). Provide an overview of capabilities, investments and innovation ecosystems.

Summary

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review collates available evidence on “Global Leaders in Science, Technology and Innovation.”

The review draws upon an eclectic evidence base that includes grey literature, press announcements as well as policy documents, strategies and national action plans. The assessment of global leaders is based on a rapid review of available evidence and should be considered illustrative rather than definitive.

Given the complexity of technological development, there is limited rigorous assessment of the relative dominance of particular countries. Despite these limitations, this review highlights evidence of particular countries that are considered to be dominant in specific sectors.

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Suggested citation

Avis, W. (2025). Global Leaders in Science, Technology and Innovation. K4DD Rapid Evidence Review 295. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies. DOI: 10.19088/K4DD.2025.127

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