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Home»Ann Kangas

Women and Girls in the MENA Region

Helpdesk Report
  • Ann Kangas
October 2011

Women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have seen positive changes in their economic and political rights between 2005 and 2010. According to research carried out by Freedom House, 14 out of the 17 MENA countries recorded some gains in the status of women. The Gulf States recorded the highest degrees of improvement, with women becoming more visible participants in ...» more

Policies on Displacement and Resettlement

Helpdesk Report
  • Ann Kangas
September 2011

Displacement can be caused by a number of factors, including conflict, natural disaster and development. Most donor and NGO policy appears to focus on conflict-induced and natural disaster-induced displacement. Multilateral agencies, however, have generated more comprehensive guidelines and principles to address issues relating to development-induced displacement and ...» more

Girls’ Access to Natural Resources

Helpdesk Report
  • Ann Kangas
September 2011

This report looks at girls’ access to natural resources and how this contributes to their empowerment. As girls’ roles in the household are closely linked to women’s, mainly domestic roles, this report looks in particular at resources associated with household tasks, including water, agricultural land and labour. Literature on girls’ access to other natural resources appears ...» more

International Instruments and Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting

Helpdesk Report
  • Ann Kangas
August 2011

This report outlines the international instruments available that address female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). It covers the international instruments, the regional instruments and resolutions and declarations currently available. The report also looks at the roles of committees and special procedures to implement some of these international instruments. It highlights the ...» more

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and gender indicators

Helpdesk Report
  • Ann Kangas
August 2011

FGM/C is rooted in gender inequality and is used as a form of social control over women. While the practice and the decision of putting a girl through FGM/C may be taken by the girl’s mother or another female relative, there is a need to contextualise these decisions within societies that are strongly patriarchal. Underpinning early marriage, early pregnancy, lack of girls ...» more

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