Key findings are as follows:
- Economic sanctions lead to an increase in the poverty gap and deprived sections of the population feel the most impact.
- For the most part sanctions fail to achieve their aims and elites manage to negotiate the adverse effects to a far greater level than poorer citizens.
- Sanctions have a damaging effect on income inequality and impact ordinary people more than the sanctioned country’s leaders.
- Sanctions tend to harm rural and non-industrialised areas more, as resources are refocused in power and production centres.
- Economic sanctions have a negative impact on the cost of reconstruction and economic growth following the lifting of the sanction(s) or regime change.
- Sanctioned regimes often attempt to magnify the sanctions’ negative effect on the economy to prevent the population from revolting.
- Between 1976 and 2012 UN sanctions led to a 25.5 percent aggregate decline in GDP per capita of the sanctioned countries (Neuenkirch & Neumeier, 2015).
- The negative impact that sanctions have on economic growth affect women, minority communities and other marginalised groups to a greater extent.
- Sanctions have a significant negative impact on the living standards and humanitarian situation of the population in the sanctioned state.
- Sanctions in Sudan have not led to the regime changing its actions and approach.
- Poverty is used as a tool in Sudan to control the population and blame is placed on those who enact the sanctions.
- Sanctions in Sudan have impacted the aid process leading to less aid getting through which exacerbates poverty.
- Although oil exporting has led to economic growth in Sudan, overall economic development is low and there is a disparity in the distribution of wealth from oil.
- Poverty as well as lack of services and opportunities are still significant issues in Sudan and women feel the impact to a greater extent.
- In Sudan the cycle of economic hardship, misrule and conflicts, which are partly a result of the sanctions, manifest to defeat the core purpose of the sanctions.
