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Home»Shivit Bakrania

Cross-border conflict drivers and breaks – Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and Iraq

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
February 2017

This report provides an overview of the evidence on cross-border conflict drivers and breaks along the Pakistan–Afghanistan–Iran–Iraq route. Direct evidence on the nature of conflict-related flows along this route in its entirety is limited. Therefore, this report includes evidence on crossborder conflict dynamics between neighbouring countries along the route. This report was ...» more

Urban poverty in Nepal

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
December 2015

In presenting urban poverty trends and data in Nepal, key findings include: Urban poverty is becoming more pervasive in Nepal: The poverty rate is increasing in urban areas, whilst it is declining in rural areas (ADB, 2013; UNDP, 2014). Urban poverty rates vary substantially across Nepal: Urban areas in the hill ecological zone are the least poor with a poverty incidence ...» more

Urbanisation and urban growth in Nepal

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
October 2015

Nepal is one of the ten least urbanised countries in the world. However, it is also one of the top ten fastest urbanising countries. In 2014, the level of urbanisation was 18.2 per cent, with an urban population of 5,130,000, and a rate of urbanisation of 3 per cent (UN DESA, 2014). For the period 2014-2050, Nepal will remain amongst the top ten fastest urbanising countries in ...» more

Security and justice evidence mapping

Literature Review
  • Shivit Bakrania
September 2015

This report identifies empirical evidence on the outcomes of security and justice (S&J) interventions, and provides a visual overview of its findings in an evidence gap map. The evidence gaps appear where outputs and outcomes are less tangible and more difficult to operationalise and measure. The evidence is scarce for a number of justice-specific output and outcome ...» more

Strategic communications and foreign fighters

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
August 2014

Key Findings: There is limited coverage of strategic communications programmes specifically aiming to prevent the recruitment of citizens who travel to conflict zones to become foreign fighters. There is relatively more coverage of strategic communications with respect to broader counter-radicalisation or countering violent extremism (CVE) approaches, but there are few case ...» more

Counter- and de-radicalisation with returning foreign fighters

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
August 2014

Key Findings: The documentation on counter- and de-radicalisation programmes for returning foreign fighters in conflict-affected and nearby states is limited. There is evidence of programmes that aim to de-radicalise, disengage and rehabilitate detained extremists in prisons, which in some cases target foreign fighters. A number of these programmes in the Middle East and ...» more

The role of security organisations in security sector reform

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
July 2014

There is consensus that donor approaches to SSR have failed to achieve the ambitious goals and objectives espoused in policy documents. Debates in recent literature centre on the reasons for this ‘policy-practice gap’ (Sedra, 2010; Bakrania, 2014b). Key themes include: There is agreement in the literature that donor assistance has generally taken an apolitical and technical ...» more

Libya: border security and regional cooperation

Literature Review
  • Shivit Bakrania
January 2014

This rapid literature review examines security-related developments that determine Libya’s relationships with its neighbours – Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Niger, Sudan and Tunisia. The report also looks at the incentives for neighbouring countries to maintain or develop regional relationships or cross-border mechanisms with Libya and the main challenges in implementing them. It also ...» more

Policy responses to criminal violence in Latin America and the Caribbean

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
April 2013

Combatting the threat posed by transnational and domestic criminal organisations has become a critical concern of governments throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Ideas of how to reduce crime and organised violence in this region vary between those who advocate for state-security led approaches and those who argue for approaches that tackle the causes of crime and the ...» more

Organised violence and its impacts in Central America’s northern triangle

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
April 2013

A range of criminal organisations operate in Central America’s northern triangle. Violence conducted by criminal organisations is one manifestation of a broader culture of violence that is endemic to many Central American societies (UNODC, 2007). At the personal and societal level: The extensive loss of life through homicide is the most obvious humanitarian outcome of violence ...» more

Conflict drivers, international responses, and the outlook for peace in Mali: A literature review

Conflict Analysis
  • Shivit Bakrania
January 2013

This literature review aims to reflect relevant empirical and policy analysis together with more up-to-date commentary on the situation in Mali, as of January 2013. The conflict in Mali is highly complex and fluid: the situation with regards to the various groups engaged in conflict is developing on a daily basis, as are the responses from local and international ...» more

Political Economy of Saudi Arabia’s Overseas Aid Assistance

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
September 2012

Key findings: The Saudi Arabian aid system is fragmented and complex, and much of it is privately and secretively channelled through the Saudi ruling families. The literature suggests that Saudi Arabia is an extremely generous donor, both in terms of humanitarian assistance and longer-term development aid. It has been the largest donor of overseas development assistance (ODA) ...» more

Management Arrangements in UN-led Electoral Assistance Programmes

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
September 2012

Key findings: UNDP guidance recommends a two-tiered management structure for electoral assistance programmes. One tier provides policy oversight and is normally referred to as a Steering Committee; the other tier consists of a Project Management Unit (PMU) and is responsible for implementing the project on a day-to-day basis. In addition, the UNDP recommends coordination ...» more

The Arab Spring and its impact on human rights in the MENA region

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
October 2011

The Middle East and North Africa region is large and diverse, and it is difficult to make regional generalisations about the impact of the Arab Spring on human rights. Long-standing authoritarian rulers have been overthrown in Tunisia and Egypt, and in Libya, a new interim government controls much of the country. In other countries, changes have been less radical but ...» more

Civil Society and Accountability in the Occupied Palestinian Territories

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
May 2010

The literature suggests that the conflict and political division between the West Bank and Gaza Strip has hindered civil society efforts at strengthening accountability. Firstly, the conflict has impeded the legislative process, thus limiting any intervention or influence that civil society can have in this area. Secondly, although relations between the Palestine National ...» more

Water and Energy in Central Asia

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
May 2010

Much of the literature on the political economy of trans-boundary water and energy in Central Asia covers common ground on the following issues:Historical factors in the region and the legacy on water allocation of Soviet Rule – although there is some variation in opinion over the extent to which Soviet-era water and energy allocations have contributed to instability, conflict ...» more

Women’s Education, Conflict and Stability

Helpdesk Report
  • Shivit Bakrania
April 2010

There are very few studies which provide empirical support to the view that cultures where women are politically, socially and economically repressed are more prone to violent conflict and instability. Furthermore, evidence for a direct relationship between the level of educational attainment amongst women and girls and the degree of fragility or stability is scarce and no ...» more

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