This literature review, prepared by Zoe Scott for the UK Department for International Development, provides a comprehensive synthesis of theories, concepts, critiques, and case analyses related to state-building. Drawing on interdisciplinary sources—spanning development studies, international relations, political science, economics, and security studies—the review highlights the complex, contested nature of state-building as both a concept and practice.
It explores distinctions and overlaps between state-building and nation-building, the historical evolution of these terms, and their links to development and governance. Key themes include the role of external actors, the tension between exogenous and endogenous approaches, challenges of local ownership, and debates over the applicability of historical models and typologies.
The review identifies significant gaps in the literature, particularly regarding practical guidance for sequencing reforms, fostering local ownership, ensuring pro-poor outcomes, and addressing gender dimensions. It concludes that successful state-building is inherently context-specific, requiring nuanced, patient, and participatory approaches rather than universal blueprints.
